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Overview

Abstract

The Dutch publisher Brill has released a database of high-resolution color scans of Middle Eastern manuscripts collected by early Orientalist scholars from Leiden, held in the research collection at Leiden University Library. This database is referred to in full as Middle Eastern Manuscripts Online 1 (MEMO 1): Pioneer Orientalists, the Manuscript Collections of Scaliger, Raphelengius and Golius from the Leiden University Library.

Sources

Sources for this review include information publicly posted or obtained directly from the publisher, data collected by CRL staff and members, and examination of the digital collection when possible. Other sources are noted where cited.

Reviewers

Center for Research Libraries

  • Virginia Kerr - Digital Program Manager

Analysis

Collection Content

The Dutch publisher Brill has released a database of high-resolution color scans of Middle Eastern manuscripts collected by early Orientalist scholars from Leiden, held in the research collection at Leiden University Library. This database is referred to in full as Middle Eastern Manuscripts Online 1 (MEMO 1): Pioneer Orientalists, the Manuscript Collections of Scaliger, Raphelengius and Golius from the Leiden University Library.

The Leiden Orientalists who assembled the manuscripts were Joseph Justus Scaliger (d. 1609) and Jacobus Golius (d. 1667). Scaliger acquired at least a dozen manuscripts from the earlier collection belonging to Franciscus Raphelengius (d. 1597). Brill notes that 267 manuscripts in 303 volumes were selected for the database, totaling around 110,000 pages. The titles were selected by the project's academic advisor, Dr. Arnoud Vrolijk, Curator of Oriental Manuscripts and Early Printed Books at Leiden University.  They represent one of the earliest collections of Oriental manuscripts in Europe. Many are rare, and a number of the manuscripts have become the basis for existing text editions. A full list of titles provided by the publisher is included in Appendix A of this review.

Scans were made on site directly from the volumes by Harald Fisher Verlag (in publicity announcements Brill described this as being “filmed on site”, but they have confirmed that the process was direct scanning).

Brill has indicated that other MEMO projects are planned, but that these will not be supplements to the digitized collection of "Pioneer Orientalists" from the Leiden library. Hence the collection title MEMO I; this acronym unfortunately suggests more contemporary documents than the rare Renaissance era content assembled.

Delivery

All of the page images are presented as high-quality color images, with access files viewable in PDF and Deja-Vu format. Full documents can be downloaded as PDF zip files. There is no searchable text other than the fields in the item-level catalog records, some of which (but not all) include Library of Congress subject headings. Citations are provided to three published catalogs of the collection (including Catalogus Codicum Arabicorum Bibliothecae Academiae Lugduno-batavae or CCA and Catalogus Codicum Orientalium or CCO), as well as to the standard reference source on Middle Eastern literature, Carl Brockelmann's Geschichte der arabischen Litterature (GAL). The publisher promises that the references to Brockelmann's GAL will be implemented as hyperlinks to the online version, also published by Brill.

It would be helpful to have more granular access points for this specialized content. The catalog records are searchable simply by author, title, place and date of “publication”; language; and a drop-down list of LC subject headings for those records which have headings. Browsing is provided only for author, title, or date. There is no additional or enhanced indexing.The publishers note the expense of producing metadata for manuscripts in non-Western languages:"For this project, only the Handlist produced by Voorhoeve was available to the publisher. For texts not mentioned in the Handlist, Brill had additional records produced by specialists."

It is particularly inconvenient that only limited amounts of the available catalog data are displayed in the various views. Individual catalog records are only displayed in browse mode; search results only provide a brief display of the catalog number, author, and title. Nor is the catalog record linked from the page images of the document. Search or browse history does not seem to be available, nor is it possible to refine search results.

Strengths and Weaknesses

It will be important for researchers to have high quality digital reproductions of this seminal and rare collection of early Middle Eastern manuscripts assembled in one resource, with flexible format options for viewing and downloading the images. It is very promising that the publishers have archived the database contents with Portico as well as with the Dutch National Library.

However, the search, browse, and results display tools could be significantly enhanced to improve access. Essentially MEMO 1 is a collection of good quality facsimile reproductions, not a fully functional database.

Early comments following the announcement of this release have been critical of the price. The extent of the content and features offered also compares unfavorably with another online manuscript collection: Parker Library on the Web distributed by Harrassowitz. The Parker Library database of early English manuscripts contains nearly twice as many titles also scanned in color, and offers many additional features, but is priced at less than half the cost of MEMO 1. Perhaps the grant funding and terms of the partnership between two academic libraries helped to maintain a lower purchase price for the Parker Library project, which also has an open access version available (with limited features).

As noted above, MEMO 1 contains limited search and browse fields, while Parker Library on the Web provides multiple indexes for the page-imaged titles using specialized manuscript cataloging fields such as rubrics and incipits (first words). Also, while the Parker Library database provides a bibliography of more than 6,000 secondary sources, MEMO 1 apparently links to only one standard, mid-20th century bibliographic reference work, Brockelmann's GAL. Brockelmann Online is also published by Brill; presumably links to it will be somewhat easier to consult than the printed volumes of bio-bibliographic entries whose arrangement has been described as quite problematic.

Terms

The list price for MEMO 1 is $25,900, as of its October 2011 release. 

Details


Direct from Publisher

Sources

Sources for this review include information publicly posted or obtained directly from the publisher, data collected by CRL staff and members, and examination of the digital collection when possible. Other sources are noted where cited.

Collection Content

Subjects coveredreligion, mathematics, history of science, philosophy
Geographic coveragethe Middle East, including Persia and the Ottoman Empire
Chronological coverageup to 1660
Content types manuscripts, scrolls
Source formats paper (scanned from originals)
Total titles267 documents in 303 volumes
Total pages109,517
Digital collection launch dateOctober, 2011
Update frequency NA
Collection ongoingNA
Completion dateOctober, 2011
Available supplements NA
Major languagesArabic, Ottoman Turkish, Persian
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Technical Platform

PBrowser compatibilityIE, Mozilla
PAuthentication optionsIP
PArchiving solution – master filesDutch National Library, Portico
PArchiving solution – derivative filesDutch National Library, Portico
PAvailability in web discovery toolsNA
POpen URL targetNA (undergoing overall platform review)
PFederated searching, z39.50NA (undergoing overall platform review)
PLocal host optionN
PUsage statisticsY (COUNTER compliant)
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Interface Tools

Full text displayedN
Page imagesY
Color imagesY
Search full textN
Advanced searchN
Search within resultsN
Limit results by dates and/or document typesN
Display highlighted search termsN
Display snippet -- search term in contextN
Relevance sortingN
Save searchesN
Download PDFY
Download HTMLN
Print pageY
Print full documentY
Export citations?
Annotation toolsN
Cross-product searchingN
ILL?
Restrictions on use?
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Provider

Publisher / DistributorBrill
AddressKoninklijke Brill NV, PO Box 9000, 2300 PA Leiden / The Netherlands
ContactAlison Macdonald
Related product(s) Brockelmann Online; MEMO 2 (pending)
CRL Profile of Publisher
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Terms

Options
PSubscription optionN
Purchase optionY
Multiple year payments optionNA
PHosting chargesN
List of purchasers available
PSample license availableY
PMARC records purchase feeN
Price tier basisNA
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Appendix

Appendix A

Title List for MEMO 1: Pioneer Orientalists MEMO1_Orientalists_TitleList.pdf

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