The Churchill Archive
Overview
Abstract
Bloomsbury Publishing launched a digital version of the Winston Churchill archives in October, 2012. The archive is held in the Churchill Archives Centre (CAC) at Churchill College, in Cambridge.
CRL is working to gather additional information and critical assessment of this resource. We encourage our community to submit comments on their experiences with it.
Sources
Sources for this review include information publicly posted or obtained directly from the publisher, data collected by CRL staff and members, and examination of the digital collection when possible. Other sources are noted where cited.
Analysis
Collection Content
Bloomsbury Publishing launched a digital version of the Winston Churchill archives in October, 2012. The archive is held in the Churchill Archives Centre (CAC) at Churchill College, in Cambridge.
The content, amounting to more than 800,000 pages from 1874 to 1965, is comprised of letters, public and political papers including correspondence with Stalin and Roosevelt, literary papers, and speeches. This documentation of over six decades of the life of the famous wartime prime minister contains correspondence with constituents, government leaders, and important figures in British 20th-century society. In addition to critical policies carried out during World War II, documents address the rise of the Cold War standoff with Soviet Russia, as defined in Churchill’s seminal “Iron Curtain” speech. It will support research topics on many aspects of British culture and politics in addition to World War I, World War II, and the Cold War.
On the provenance of the Churchill materials, the CAC reports that “Churchill College began to collect papers in 1965, with the papers of Clement Attlee being the first collection. The Archives Centre was purpose-built in 1973 to house the papers of Sir Winston Churchill. His papers dealing with his life after 1945 were given to the college by his wife but the papers dealing with his life pre-1945 remained in family ownership (though housed in the Archives Centre) until 1995 when they were bought for the nation. The grant to purchase the papers also included funding for a dedicated team of archivists to catalogue the papers. This task took a team of five archivists five years to complete: the catalogue to the Churchill papers was finished at the end of 2000 and was made available online 12 months later.”
The archive consists of two parts: the Chartwell papers (acquired in 1995), which cover the years up through July 1945; and the postwar material, known as the Churchill papers, covering 1945–65. The Chartwell papers, initially arranged and cataloged by the British Public Record Office (PRO), comprise 3,640 files in approximately 1,385 boxes. The postwar Churchill papers comprise 1,412 files in approximately 800 boxes. The online archive is planned to include more than 800,000 individual page files.
Selected documents from the CAC and the Chartwell papers have been on exhibit at the Morgan Library & Museum in New York from June to September 2012.[1]
The publishers expect that the database will also feature an expanding collection of secondary pedagogical and contextual resources, including ebooks, reading lists, and teaching modules on themes such as “Churchill and Empire” and “The Cold War.” It will link to selected external resources including video and audio files, contemporary newspaper articles, and biographical databases. (Some external links will be to subscription resources such as the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.) Individual book titles will also be published as ebooks by RosettaBooks LLC, with up to 40 expected by spring 2013.[2]
More than 90 percent of the materials are being digitized for the first time. The content will be primarily high-quality image files with less than 1 percent color images, and some full-text files (presumably for the ebooks, since most of the archival documents are not currently transcribed).
Delivery
With 70,000 entries, the 2001 online catalog of the Churchill Archive is extensive and has a robust interface. It provides access to personal and corporate names, places, and topics. Many document annotations are quite detailed.
Taking advantage of the catalog metadata, the platform is designed to provide filtered browsing as well as advanced search functions such as limiting results by date or region. The interface design viewed during trial access was not completely intuitive, however. The prompt "search again" might suggest clearing a search, but instead is the command for applying limitations to search results. In fact there is no clear prompt for clearing a search or browse. Perhaps the biggest current handicap in the interface is the lack of object differentiation in the display of multiple page images. This is true in those archival folders which lack item level descriptions: there is no distinction between the beginning and ending of documents. But it is especially a problem when depicting printed documents without interface reference to page numbers (such as the 155 page Colonial Conference document from 1902, CHAR 10/1).
The publishers plan to add personalized tools including citing, and extracting and sharing content. Some promised functions are not expected to be added until after the initial launch, including display of search results terms in context, and annotation tools.
Strengths and weaknesses
This digital collection will provide rich background on the political and cultural activities of a key twentieth-century historical figure. The interface could be made more intuitive, particularly to support navigation through multiple page documents or document folders. Some promised interface features are not in place during the trial access period prior to launch. The plan to add supplementary materials should support the use of the collection for education, although it is not yet clear how many of these materials will be accessible within the Churchill Archive digital collection itself.
Details
Direct from Publisher
Sources
Collection Content
| Subjects covered | History, politics, diplomacy, twentieth-century wars, the arts, finance, social policy, biographical information on Winston Churchill and family | |
| Geographic coverage | Primarily Britain, Europe, North America | |
| Chronological coverage | 1874-1965 | |
| Content types | archives; some secondary material including ebooks and lesson plans | |
| Source formats | paper, photographs | |
| Total titles | over 5000 files of archival documents (c. 2700 boxes) | |
| P | Total pages | over 800,000 |
| Digital collection launch date | October, 2012 | |
| Update frequency | NA | |
| Collection ongoing | Y | |
| Completion date | NA | |
| P | Available supplements | Updates will include secondary materials (ebooks, lesson plans, reading lists, etc.) |
| P | Major languages | English; some French and German |
Technical Platform
| P | Browser compatibility | Firefox 7, IE 9, Safari 5, Chrome 15; also basic interaction with older versions of browsers |
| P | Authentication options | IP, username/password; ATHENS/Shibboleth, Library card |
| P | Archiving solution – master files | NA |
| P | Archiving solution – derivative files | 150dpi PNG; sliced formats for zooming/panning |
| P | Availability in web discovery tools | Y |
| P | Open URL target | Y |
| P | Federated searching, z39.50 | TBD |
| P | Local host option | N |
| P | Usage statistics | Y |
Interface Tools
| P | Full text displayed | Y (for small amount of content) |
| P | Page images | Y |
| P | Color images | Y (less than c. 1%) |
| P | Search full text | Y (for small amount of content) |
| P | Advanced search | Y |
| P | Search within results | Y |
| P | Limit results by dates and/or document types | Y |
| P | Display highlighted search terms | N (to be added post-launch) |
| P | Display snippet -- search term in context | N (to be added post-launch) |
| P | Relevance sorting | Y |
| P | Save searches | Y |
| P | Download PDF | N |
| P | Download HTML | N (can download JPEG files) |
| P | Print page | Y |
| P | Print full document | Y |
| P | Export citations | Y |
| P | Annotation tools | N (to be added post-launch) |
| P | Cross-product searching | NA |
| P | ILL | Y |
| P | Restrictions on use |
Provider
| Publisher / Distributor | Bloomsbury Publishing | |
| Address | 50 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3DP, United Kingdom | |
| Contact | www.bloomsbury.com; www.churchillarchive.com; contact mfuller@pcgplus.com | |
| Related product(s) | NA | |
| CRL Profile of Publisher | NA |
Terms
| Options | ||
|---|---|---|
| P | Subscription option | Y |
| P | Purchase option | Y |
| P | Multiple year payments option | Y (case by case) |
| P | Hosting charges | NA |
| P | List of purchasers available | N |
| P | Sample license available | Y |
| P | MARC records purchase fee | N |
| P | Price tier basis | FTE |
